NAVIGATION
0 : go to the starting of the current line.
^ : go to the first non blank character of the line.
$ : go to the end of the current line.
g_ : go to the last non blank character of the line.
H : go to the first line of current screen.
M : go to the middle line of current screen.
L : go to the last line of current screen.
ctrl-f : jump forward one full screen.
ctrl-b : jump backwards one full screen
ctrl-d : jump forward (down) a half screen
ctrl-u : jump back (up) one half screen
ctrl-e : line-wise scrolling
ctrl-y : line-wise scrolling
zt : shifts page content so current line sits at the top of the viewport
zb : shifts page content so current line sits at the bottom of the viewport
zz : shifts page content so current line sits at the middle of the viewport
NORMAL MODE
* : go to the next match terms
ctrl-n : autocomplete
vi" : visually select all inside the doublequotes
va( : visually select all inside the bracket, including bracket
I : go to the begin of the line and insert
A : go to the end of the line and insert
J : remove breaklines
gwip : add breakline in a continuous paragraph
. : dotcommand - repeat the last move
:set hlsearch : highlight words in search
:set nohlsearch: disable with
o : to start inserting on a new line below the current one
O : to start inserting on a new line above the current one
u : undo
ctrl-r : redo
dto : delete up to character ‘o’
fa : move forward to the character ‘a’
cw : change word
ctA : change up to the character ‘A’
ct( : change up to the character ‘(’
cc : change the entire line
ciw : change inside word
ci( : change in parenthesis
ci{ : change in curly brace
ci< : change in < > angle brackets
ci" : change inside quotes (this leaves the quotes intact)
ca" : change (a)round quotes … means quotes get replaced too
cat : change (a)round (t)ag … yep, vim understands html tags!
cw<ESC>'p : enclose in quotes
yiw : yank inner word (copy word under cursor)
viwp : used after the previous command to replace a word
VISUAL MODE
vwU : change the selected word to uppercase
vwu : change the selected word to lowercase
gU<motion> : change based on motion; gU$ = uppercase from here to the final of line
ctrl-v : visual block; select columns
ctrl-v+shift-i : edit with multiple cursor
gg + shift-v+shift-g + :sort u : select multiple lines, sort and remove duplicated lines
SPELL CHECKER
]s : vai para a próxima palavra
[s : vai para a palavra anterior
z= : mostra a lista de sugestões para a palavra
zg : adiciona a palavra sob o cursor no dicionário, assim ela não será mais marcada como errada
zug: desfaz a última palavra adicionada
zw : remove a palavra sob o cursor do dicionário, assim ela será marcada como errada
zuw: desfaz a última palavra removida
COMMAND-LINE
:nmap : Display key bindings for NORMAL mode
:vmap : Display key bindings for VISUAL mode
:imap : Display key bindings for INSERT mode
:map : Display key bindings for all modes
Moving between buffers
:bn : next buffer
:bp : previous buffer
:ls : list buffers
:b# : go to buffer #; can be 1, 2, 3
:bf : go to the first buffer
:bl : go to the last buffer
Switching working directories
:cd a%:p:h : change wd based on filename
:cd %:p:h/path/to/other/proj : change to path
:cd a%:p:h : return to basename
CURSOR MOVEMENTS
h move left
j move down
k move up
l move right
w jump by start of words (punctuation considered words)
W jump by words (spaces separate words)
e jump to end of words (punctuation considered words)
E jump to end of words (no punctuation)
b jump backward by words (punctuation considered words)
B jump backward by words (no punctuation)
ge jump backward to end of words
0 (zero) start of line
^ first non-blank character of line
$ end of line
- move line upwards, on the first non blank character
+ move line downwards, on the first non blank character
<enter> move line downwards, on the first non blank character
gg go to first line
G go to last line
- nG go To line n
:n go To line n
) move the cursor forward to the next sentence.
( move the cursor backward by a sentence.
{ move the cursor a paragraph backwards
} move the cursor a paragraph forwards
]] move the cursor a section forwards or to the next {
[[ move the cursor a section backwards or the previous {
CTRL-f move the cursor forward by a screen of text
CTRL-b move the cursor backward by a screen of text
CTRL-u move the cursor up by half a screen
CTRL-d move the cursor down by half a screen
H move the cursor to the top of the screen.
M move the cursor to the middle of the screen.
L move the cursor to the bottom of the screen.
fx search line forward for ‘x’
Fx search line backward for ‘x’
tx search line forward before ‘x’
Tx search line backward before ‘x’
BOOKMARKS
:marks list all the current marks
ma make a bookmark named a at the current cursor position
`a go to position of bookmark a
‘a go to the line with bookmark a
`. go to the line that you last edited
INSERT MODE
i start insert mode at cursor
I insert at the beginning of the line
a append after the cursor
A append at the end of the line
o open (append) blank line below current line
O open blank line above current line
Esc exit insert mode
EDITING
r replace a single character (does not use insert mode)
R enter Insert mode, replacing characters rather than inserting
J join line below to the current one
cc change (replace) an entire line
cw change (replace) to the end of word
C change (replace) to the end of line
s delete character at cursor and substitute text
S delete line at cursor and substitute text (same as cc)
xp transpose two letters (delete and paste, technically)
u undo
CTRL-r redo
. repeat last command
~ switch case
g~iw switch case of current word
gUiw make current word uppercase
guiw make current word lowercase
gU$ make uppercase until end of line
gu$ make lowercase until end of line
>> indent line one column to right
<< indent line one column to left
== auto-indent current line
ddp swap current line with next
- ddkp swap current line with previous
- :%retab fix spaces / tabs issues in whole file
- :r [name] insert the file [name] below the cursor.
:r !{cmd} execute {cmd} and insert its standard output below the cursor.
DELETING TEXT
x delete current character
X delete previous character
dw delete the current word
dd delete (cut) a line
- D delete from cursor to end of line
:[range]d delete [range] lines
COPYING AND MOVING TEXT
yw yank word
yy yank (copy) a line
2yy yank 2 lines
y$ yank to end of line
p put (paste) the clipboard after cursor/current line
- P put (paste) before cursor/current line
- :set paste avoid unexpected effects in pasting
:registers display the contents of all registers
“xyw yank word into register x
- “xyy yank line into register x
:[range]y x yank [range] lines into register x
“xp put the text from register x after the cursor
“xP put the text from register x before the cursor
“xgp just like “p”, but leave the cursor just after the new text
- “xgP just like “P”, but leave the cursor just after the new text
:[line]put x put the text from register x after [line]
MACROS
qa start recording macro ‘a’
q end recording macro
@a replay macro ‘a’
@: replay last command
VISUAL MODE
v start visual mode, mark lines, then do command (such as y-yank)
V start linewise visual mode
o move to other end of marked area
U upper case of marked area
CTRL-v start visual block mode
O move to other corner of block
aw mark a word
ab a () block (with braces)
ab a {} block (with brackets)
ib inner () block
ib inner {} block
Esc exit visual mode
VISUAL MODE COMMANDS
> shift right
< shift left
c change (replace) marked text
y yank (copy) marked text
d delete marked text
~ switch case
VISUAL MODE SHORTCUTS
v% selects matching parenthesis
vi{ selects matching curly brace
vi\” selects text between double quotes
vi\’ selects text between single quotes
SPELLING
]s next misspelled word
[s previous misspelled word
zg add word to wordlist
zug undo last add word
z= suggest word
EXITING
- :q quit Vim. This fails when changes have been made.
- :q! quit without writing.
- :cq quit always, without writing.
- :wq write the current file and exit.
- :wq! write the current file and exit always.
- :wq {file} write to {file}. Exit if not editing the last
- :wq! {file} write to {file} and exit always.
:[range]wq[!] same as above, but only write the lines in [range].
ZZ write current file, if modified, and exit.
ZQ quit current file and exit (same as “:q!“).
SEARCH/REPLACE
/pattern search for pattern
?pattern search backward for pattern
n repeat search in same direction
N repeat search in opposite direction
* search forward, word under cursor
# search backward, word under cursor
set ic ignore case: turn on
- set noic ignore case: turn off
- :%s/old/new/g replace all old with new throughout file
- :%s/old/new/gc replace all old with new throughout file with confirmation
:argdo %s/old/new/gc | wq open multiple files and run this command to replace old with new in every file with confirmation, save and quit
MULTIPLE FILES
- :e filename edit a file in a new buffer
- :tabe filename edit a file in a new tab (Vim7, gVim)
- :ls list all buffers
- :bn go to next buffer
- :bp go to previous buffer
- :bd delete a buffer (close a file)
- :b1 show buffer 1
- :b vimrc show buffer whose filename begins with “vimrc”
- :bufdo
run ‘command(s)’ in all buffers
:[range]bufdo
WINDOWS
- :sp f split open f
:vsp f vsplit open f
CTRL-w s split windows
CTRL-w w switch between windows
CTRL-w q quit a window
CTRL-w v split windows vertically
CTRL-w x swap windows
CTRL-w h left window
CTRL-w j down window
CTRL-w k up window
CTRL-w l right window
CTRL-w + increase window height
CTRL-w - decrease window height
CTRL-w < increase window width
CTRL-w > decrease window width
CTRL-w = equal window
CTRL-w o close other windows
QUICKFIX WINDOW
copen open quickfix window
cclose close quickfix window
cc [nr] display error [nr]
cfirst display the first error
clast display the last error
[count]cn display [count] next error
[count]cp display [count] previous error
PROGRAMMING
% show matching brace, bracket, or parenthese
gf edit the file whose name is under or after the cursor
gd when the cursor is on a local variable or function, jump to its declaration
” return to the line where the cursor was before the latest jump
gi return to insert mode where you inserted text the last time
CTRL-o move to previous position you were at
CTRL-i move to more recent position you were at